A September 2026 study by Bharat Chandar of the Stanford Digital Economy Laboratory and Bouke Klein Teeselink of King’s College London examines 1.25 billion job postings and 154 million employment records across 41 countries. The researchers infer generative AI adoption from job advertisements and compare adopting firms with control firms. Their estimates indicate that senior employment rose while the junior share fell. The employment effect is uneven by seniority